What distinguishes RAM from ROM?

The characteristic that distinguishes RAM from ROM lies in their permanence and volatility. RAM, or Random Access Memory, is temporary and volatile, meaning it loses its stored data when power is removed. This type of memory is primarily used for short-term data storage while a computer is powered on and actively running applications.

On the other hand, ROM, or Read-Only Memory, is permanent and non-volatile, which means that it retains its data even when the power is turned off. ROM typically contains firmware or software that is essential for booting up the system and is not intended to be modified frequently, if at all.

This difference in how each type of memory handles data retention is crucial in computing, as it affects how applications are loaded and how the system boots. Understanding this distinction is important for anyone working with computer hardware and software.