Which component is primarily responsible for hardware and software resource management on a computer?

The operating system plays a crucial role in managing both hardware and software resources on a computer. It acts as an intermediary between the user applications and the hardware, ensuring that all components work together efficiently. The operating system handles processes such as task scheduling, memory management, device management, and file management, which are essential for the smooth operation of the computer.

For instance, when multiple applications are running, the operating system allocates CPU time to each application, managing how resources are used to prevent conflicts and ensure stability. It also manages memory allocation, allowing various programs to use RAM without interfering with one another. Additionally, the operating system facilitates communication between software applications and hardware components, such as printers or graphics cards, so users can implement and control devices seamlessly.

The other components mentioned have specific roles but do not manage hardware and software resources in the same comprehensive manner. The CPU is responsible for executing instructions and processing data, while the motherboard provides the physical platform for components and connects them but does not manage resources directly. The power supply provides electrical power to the computer system, which is critical for operation but does not involve resource management at the software level.